Wouldn’t it be great if everyone in your organisation took every opportunity to do good for a colleague and the business, without asking for anything in return? But this research proposes a drive for 'paying it forward' can backfire when employees feel forced to be organisational citizens, rather than acting on their goodwill. Findings suggest that people practitioners need to be careful about making citizenship behaviours an expected organisational culture.

To continue reading, log in or become a member

Affiliate membership offers instant access to CIPD resources without the need for assessments or study, or explore your options to become a professional member of the CIPD to demonstrate your commitment to the world of work.

  • Access to exclusive, up-to-date resources
  • Become part of a community to learn, debate and connect with other people professionals
  • Free access to a series of CIPD learning courses and a discount on the rest of our catalogue
  • Data

    Health and wellbeing

    Compare your health and wellbeing practices with the latest trends, drawn from CIPD 2026 research data.

  • Data

    Work life balance

    Benchmark your employees' perceptions of work life balance against 2026 CIPD research data

  • Data

    Employee-employer relations

    The latest data on job satisfaction, employee perceptions of their organisations, and employee contributions to their organisation's productivity

  • Podcast

    HR People Pod

    Listen to episodes of HR People Pod, the CIPD’s fortnightly podcast providing expert insights from HR leaders discussing the topical issues impacting the world of work.

    Listen now
  • All Bitesize research